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- Ulysses
-
-
- (January 29, 1934)
-
- Ever since 1922, when the first edition of Ulysses was
- published Paris, hundreds of U.S. citizens have smuggled copies
- through the customs or bought them from bookleggers. But his
- week, on the strength of Federal Judge John Munro Woosley's
- decision that Ulysses is not obscene, Random House was able to
- publish the first edition of the book ever legally printed in
- any English-speaking country.
-
- For every first-hand reader of Ulysses there have been scores
- of second-hand gossipers. Censorship rather than sound criticism
- has spread its reputation throughout the Western world. What the
- man in the street has heard of Ulysses has made him prick up his
- ears.
-
- Trusting readers who plunge in hopefully to a smooth beginning
- soon find themselves floundering to troubled waters. Arrogant
- Author James Joyce gives them no help, lets them sink or swim.
-
- Every schoolboy knows the story of the Odyssey, epic-sequel
- to the Iliad, which recites the ten-year wanderings of the wily
- Odysseus (Latin -- Ulysses) in his long-thwarted attempts to get
- home to his island kingdom attempts to get home to his island
- kingdom after the siege of Troy. The Ulysses of the Odyssey is
- a cunning, common-sensible, nervy, not-too-scrupulous man, an
- opportunist who triumphs at last not so much by virtue as
- endurance.
-
- Joyce first conceived the tale of Leopold Bloom as a short
- story, only to discover too many possibilities in it. In his
- strolls down the beaches of literature he stumbled on the
- Odyssey, an archaic old bottle but still stout, decided it was
- just the thing for his 20th Century wine. Thus Ulysses became
- Bloom, the wanderer in search of home, wife and son. Penelope
- was his wife Molly, Telemachus, Stephen.
-
- Ulysses is an epic constructed on the principles of solid
- geometry, a synthetic dissection. Showing a thick segment (in
- time: 20 hours) of one day's life in Dublin, it cuts through
- many a solid slice of human tissue. It slices through "literary"
- brain cells:
-
- "Ineluctable modality of the visible: at least that if no
- more, thought through my eyes. Signatures of all things I am
- here to read, seaspawn and seawrack, the nearing tide, that
- rusty boot. Snotgreen, blue-silver, rust: coloured signs...Airs
- romped around him, nipping and eager airs. They are coming
- waves. The white-maned seahorses, champing, brightwind-bridled,
- the steeds of Mananaan...Broken hoops on the shore; at the land
- a maze of dark cunning nets; farther away chalkscrawled
- backdoors and on the higher beach a dryingline with two
- crucified shirts. Ringsend: wigwams of brown steersman and
- master mariners. Human shells...He turned his face over a
- shoulder, rere regardant. Moving through the air high spars of
- a threemaster, her sails brailed up on the crosstrees, homing,
- upstream, silently moving, a silent ship."
-
- The Author is variously regarded by those who have never read
- his books as either a dirty-minded old man or a young crackpot.
- He is neither. Though critics may bark up different trees in
- assaying his work, most of them agree that Joyce, as an
- experimentalist with language, is farther out on a limb than any
- other writer of English.
-
- If readers think Ulysses is difficult, they will throw up
- their hands in horror over Work in Progress, whose entire
- "action" takes place in the dreaming mind of a sleeper, whose
- language is accurately described by one admirer as "intensive,
- comprehensive, reverberative infixation; the sly, meaty, oneiric
- logorrhoea, polymathic, polyperverse." Even friendly critics
- admit that no plain reader will ever tackle such a book as Work
- in Progress.
-
- After the War Joyce moved to Paris, where he still lives, a
- shy, proud private citizen with a worldwide reputation. His few
- intimate friends include Padraic Colum, James Stephens, Lord and
- Lady Astor, John McCormack, Sylvia Beach. He rarely misses a
- chance to hear opera. Himself no mean tenor, he often sings at
- his mildly convivial parties, at which he urges red wine on his
- guests, drinks only white himself. Like his predecessor "Homer"
- who was reputed to be blind. Joyce has long had trouble with his
- eyes, with periods of virtual blindness. After more than ten
- operations he can see just well enough to read newspaper
- headlines, to scrawl his own writing hugely on vast strips of
- paper. Behind his thick glasses he often wears a black patch
- over his left eye.
-
- Enthusiasts have hailed James Joyce as an invigorator and
- inventor of language. But perhaps he will be longest remembered
- as the man who made "unprintable" archaic.
-
-